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ESSAY 2 PROJECT: Rubric





SYMBOLIC ANALYSIS OF THE PATCHES

(1) In Adrian Tomine's short comic book story "Unfaded," the patches of lighter paint on the wall in the protagonist's grandfather's private room are striking symbols of enduring memories of the past.

(2) When the protagonist enters his grandfather's old room, he observes the walls, which are marked by patches of “[u]nfaded” paint left behind after pictures were removed (78).

(3i) The patches of lighter paint symbolize the protagonist's unfading memories of his past relationship with Carrie.

(3ii) Both the patches and the protagonist's memories are lasting traces of the past that remain even after what created them is gone.

(3iii) Just as the patches remain visible on the wall after the pictures have been removed, the emotional traces of the protagonist's relationship with Carrie persist even after their breakup. The patches preserve evidence of the pictures that once occupied the wall, while the protagonist's continuing lack of “motivation” (76) indicates that his past relationship still affects his present emotional state.

(3iv) By giving the protagonist's unfading memories the physical form of unfaded patches of paint, Tomine makes the invisible persistence of the past visible to readers. The contrast between the unfaded patches and the surrounding faded wall allows readers to see how something that is no longer physically present can nevertheless leave a lasting trace. This visual representation makes the enduring emotional impact of the protagonist's memories more tangible and helps readers understand how the past can remain deeply embedded in someone's mind.

(3v) Through the unfaded patches, Tomine suggests that memories, especially painful ones, can outlast the experiences and relationships that created them, leaving emotional traces that continue to shape our present lives.

CLASS #16

NEXT CLASS: GROUP WORK ON SLEEPWALK (essay & final project)

BRING YOUR COPY OF SLEEPWALK,
YOUR NOTES, THE AI'S ANALYSIS, AND YOUR LAPTOP!

NOTE: Completing the tasks below and participating in the upcoming group work sessions are required to remain a member of your group.

1) SYMBOLS: READ CLOSELY THE COMMENTS YOU MAY HAVE RECEIVED ON YOUR ANALYSIS OF A SYMBOL (on Moodle). DECIDE WHETHER YOU FEEL COMFORTABLE ANALYZING SYMBOLS IN WRITING.

REMEMBER: If you write one paragraph on the author's use of symbols, analyze the two symbols in the second paragraph. This allows you to build on the basic context already introduced in the first paragraph, letting you focus more on the deeper meaning of the symbols without having to re-explain all the basic story details.

2) READING: INDIVIDUALLY, READ THE FOLLOWING STORIES FROM SLEEPWALK: "LUNCH BREAK,"  "DYLAN & DONOVAN," "4TH OF JULY," "CONNECTING THREAD" AND "ECHO AV."

AS YOU READ, TAKE DETAILED NOTES ON EACH STORY IN A WORD DOCUMENT.

As you write these notes, remember that they will be given to your AI assistant (see next point). Be clear and specific, include detailed references to Tomine's use of literary elements and details, and structure your notes clearly with # titles and ## sub-titles. Use # to identify the title of the story and ## to identify literary elements, details, or thematic ideas. For example:

# Title of story: "insert title here"

## One specific literary element: character's name, setting, symbol, conflict, fake or final resolution, etc.):

- point
- point
- point 

## A specific detail:

- point 

## A thematic point or message:

- point

# Title of other story: "insert other title here"

Etc. 

3) AI-ASSISTANCE: USE CHATGPT ONE TIME ONLY BY GIVING IT ALL OF YOUR STRUCTURED NOTES FOR ALL FIVE STORIES AT ONCE -- USING THE PROMPT AT THE END OF THIS POST.

THE AI TOOL WILL ORGANIZE YOUR NOTES AND, BASED ON YOUR NOTES, IDENTIFY POSSIBLE PATTERNS IN TOMINE'S STORIES.

Paste the AI's analysis in the same document as your original notes (see point 2).

Read the AI's analysis closely and highlight (in the Word document) interesting points.

4) AI REPORT: AT THE END OF THE DOCUMENT, IN A FEW THOUGHTFUL AND WELL-DEVELOPED SENTENCES, REPORT ON THE USEFULNESS OF THE AI'S ASSISTANCE.

Did it add value to your notes? Did it produce new insights? Did it include hallucinations, that is, claims that may sound convincing but that are, in fact, false or not supported by your notes? Most importantly, is there a difference between taking notes only for yourself and taking notes for an AI assistant?

5) LEA SUBMISSION: SUBMIT YOUR WORD DOCUMENT TO LEA IN 'ASSIGNMENTS.'

This document should include (1) your original notes on the five stories, (2) the AI's response, with highlighted passages, and (3) an insightful AI-report.

Take care


CLICK HERE to see the prompt:

# ROLE: You are an expert in text analysis, pattern-recognition, and organization, tasked with analyzing the notes below.

# CONTEXT: The notes include my initial thoughts on a few short stories by Adrian Tomine. These notes are the first step in developing a literary analysis of his work and a creative response to the themes he explores. The goal is to identify main recurring thematic patterns within the stories, main logical connections between stories, and main contradictions or contrasts.

# TASK: Analyze my notes below and present an analytical report presenting these points:

## 1. General Overview: Present three main recurring topics, ideas, thematic points, or patterns.

## 2. Analysis I: Present one pair of two distinct specific points in my notes that connect logically and develop one another.

## 3. Analysis II: Present one pair of two distinct points in my notes that contradict or contrast with one another.

## 4. Based on your analysis, present the two most insightful and well-developed thematic points the author conveys if the stories are seen as one single unified story.
### Do not produce a final synthesis that unifies these two thematic points.

# FORMAT:
## Present your findings in clear, direct, and simple language. Avoid broad analytical claims. 
## Support your points with clear and direct references to specific points in my notes.
## Avoid repetition. Present closely related points together.
## End each point with a clear one-sentence presentation of the point in direct, accessible terms. Do not refer to my "notes" explicitly in this presentation; focus on the idea.

# DATA:

<notes>

[INSERT YOUR STRUCTURED NOTES HERE]

</notes>

# IMPORTANT:
## Base your analysis solely on the information I provided in my notes.
## Avoid making assumptions beyond what can be directly inferred from the notes.

HOW TO WRITE ON SYMBOLS

FIRST, BECAUSE OF THEIR RELIANCE ON OTHER DETAILS,
SYMBOLS SHOULD ALWAYS BE ANALYZED IN YOUR LAST PARAGRAPH.


HERE IS THE SANDWICH STRUCTURE TO ANALYZE SYMBOLS:

(1) In one sentence, briefly/broadly introduce the symbol (A) and its symbolic significance.

(
2) Describe, in bold, the scene that includes the symbol (A), including the page number (#) and, if possible, a very short quote naturally integrated into your own words.

(3) Analyze this scene:

i. Clearly present the symbol "A" and what it symbolizes "B."

ii. Identify what "A" and "B" have in common: one or a few characteristics.

iii. Prove that "A" and "B" have this in common by referring to details in your above scene description; if needed, provide a detail about "B."

iv. Explain how giving material form to "A" helps us understand it better.

v. Present the universal significance of the symbol "A" (Why did the author create this symbol?).


CLICK HERE to see an example of a sandwich analyzing a symbol in "Sleepwalk."

The car radio in the story is a significant symbol that represents a fixation on the past. During Mark's drive home after a distressing reunion with his ex Carrie, the malfunctioning radio in his car is locked onto a station that exclusively plays “hits of the 50s, 60s, and 70s" (15). The car radio symbolizes Mark’s psychological obsession with the past following his breakup with Carrie. Both the radio and Mark are stuck in the past. While the radio plays only songs from past decades, Mark incessantly reminisces about his past experiences with Carrie, like their first kiss and her favorite shirt (9), indicating his emotional fixation on the past. By associating Mark's fixation with a malfunctioning car radio, Tomine highlights the deeply dysfunctional nature of Mark's desire to relive the past and his inability to change the station and move beyond those memories to embrace the present. Through symbolism, Tomine thus underscores the dangers of remaining emotionally stuck in the past and suggests that overcoming such emotional stagnation may require care and support, just as a malfunctioning radio requires repair to function properly.


CLASS #15 (due Oct. 22nd)

1)  SYMBOLS: REVIEW CLOSELY THIS POST ON HOW TO WRITE ON SYMBOLS.

2)  FORUM: CONTRIBUTE TO THE MOODLE FORUM ON WRITING ON SYMBOLS. 

FOLLOWING CLOSELY  THE STRUCTURE FOR WRITING ON SYMBOLS, ADD ONE POST WHERE YOU IDENTIFY, DESCRIBE & FULLY ANALYZE THE USE OF ONE SYMBOL IN "UNFADED" or THE SHORT FILM "BARTHOLOMEW'S SONG."

Before posting your sandwich, fully edit your writing to remove writing errors (yourself, using Word Editor, and the Editing Prompts for your first essay on Moodle). Try to reach the thematic, universal level at the end of your analysis.

This sandwich must read like an academic analysis (not a forum post); therefore, do not refer to yourself, ensure to use "quotation marks" when using words from the story and provide a page number at the end of your detail description.

GIVE HUMAN FEEDBACK (in at least four thoughtful and well-developed sentences) TO TWO PEERS REGARDING THEIR ANALYSIS OF A SYMBOL.

Offer constructive feedback. Comment on the parts of the new sandwich structure (which parts are well done and which may be improved). Comment also on whether the analysis (the last sentence) reaches the thematic, universal level or stays at the level of character analysis by presenting a claim about the character(s).

3) FINAL GROUP PROJECT : NOW IS YOUR LAST CHANCE TO INFORM YOUR TEACHER -- BY MIO MESSAGE -- THAT YOU HAVE FOUND ONE OR TWO PARTNERS FOR YOUR FINAL CREATIVE PROJECT.  

Each group sends only one MIO message to the teacher.

TAKE CARE.

SYMBOLS IN FICTION

CLICK HERE to learn about symbols:

A symbol is a concrete/visible object, place or action that represents something abstract/invisible beyond its literal meaning.

Through symbols, the author gives physical presence to mental concepts, entities or events, thereby allowing us to 'see' the invisible.


EXAMPLES:

In "Bartholomew's Song," the BEDROOM symbolizes the protagonist's MIND (i.e., small, empty, confined, artificial, generic).

In "Brother and Sister," the COLLAR symbolizes REASON as it attempts to restrain our instinctual urges.

In "Sleepwalk," the DEFECTIVE CAR RADIO symbolizes THE PROTAGONIST'S MIND STUCK IN THE PAST.

HOW TO FIND SYMBOLS: 

"A" symbolizes "B"

if "A" and "B" are two very different things, "A" being a physical object or action, "B" being an intangible/mental concept or event.

if "A" and "B," although belonging to two very different dimensions, have a least one characteristic in common.

for instance, in "Bartholomew's Song," both the concrete BEDROOM and the protagonist's intangible MIND are (1) at first small and increase in size over the course of the film and are (2) at first bland, that is, devoid of personal/individual characteristics            

if it is fairly clear that the author uses "A" as a symbol to represent "B."

Be careful. Do not see every single concrete object or action in a story as symbolic. Each story contains a limited number of key symbols. They will naturally emerge during your 2nd and 3rd readings.

IMPORTANT:

If "A" is a NOUN (like the "bedroom"), "B" is also a NOUN (like the "protagonist's mind").

If "A" is an ACTION in the -ING form (like "slicing and throwing out the defective cube"), "B" is also an ACTION in the -ING form (like "destroying and erasing defective thoughts that do not conform") 

CLASS #14


★★ NEXT CLASS: BRING YOUR COPY OF SLEEPWALK ★★

2) READING: READ CLOSELY THE SHORT STORY "UNFADED" IN THE COMIC BOOK ANTHOLOGY SLEEPWALK (76-78).

3) MOODLE FORUM: CONTRIBUTE TO THE MOODLE FORUM ON SYMBOLS IN "UNFADED.

FIRST, IN AT LEAST 125 WORDS, IDENTIFY ONE or TWO NEW SYMBOLS ("A") AS WELL AS WHAT THEY EACH SYMBOLIZE ("B"). MAKE SURE TO EXPLAIN WHAT CHARACTERISTIC(S) THESE TWO ELEMENTS ("A" & "B") HAVE IN COMMON.

"A" is a concrete/visible object/place/action in the story.

"B" is an intangible/invisible entity/concept.

SECOND, REPLY TO AT LEAST TWO PEERS & ADD A THOUGHTFUL COMMENT (IN AT LEAST THREE FULLY-DEVELOPED SENTENCES) REGARDING THEIR IDENTIFICATION OF A SYMBOL IN THE STORY. "This is good" or "I agree" are not thoughtful replies. Your reply must refer to and comment on your peers' specific insights.

4) FINAL GROUP PROJECT: INFORM YOUR TEACHER, BY MIO MESSAGE ON OMNIVOX, THAT YOU HAVE FOUND ONE OR TWO PARTNERS FOR YOUR FINAL CREATIVE PROJECT.

Each group needs to send only one MIO message. Thank you!

Take care.

SETTINGS

The SETTING of a piece of literature is the time and place in which the story takes place.

The definition of setting can include:

- immediate physical surroundings (a room, a car, a bridge, a specific color on a wall or object on a table, etc.)
- weather (rain or clouds)
- time of the day (sunset)
- time of the week (Sunday)
- time of the year (spring)
- historical period (Medieval or futuristic times)
- culture (Western, Middle Eastern, capitalist, socialist, etc.)

Settings are often used to indirectly reveal information about a character.

Interestingly, settings can also be used as a material/visible representations of a character's invisible emotional or psychological state. Rain may signify that the protagonist is sad. A dark bedroom may represent his or her depressive state. Crossing a bridge may signify change or a new beginning. A sunset may represent death or the end of a psychological state.

In fairy tales, woods and forests tend to represent the realm of experience, where the protagonist overcomes obstacles and learns and grows.

CLASS #12

NEXT CLASS: BRING YOUR
LAPTOP WITH AI ACCESS 
& ANNOTATED EXT

The AI activity next class will be conducted with students who have completed the preliminary analysis (see below) of the story "The Street that Got Mislaid." Make sure to bring to class your annotated paper copy of the text.


1) CHATGPT ACCESS: CREATE YOUR OWN OPENAI & GOOGLE ACCOUNTS TO ACCESS BOTH CHATGPT & GOOGLE'S NOTEBOOK IN CLASS.

Here is the link to ChatGPT: https://chatgpt.com
Here is the link to Google accounts: https://accounts.google.com 

2) SETTING: READ CLOSELY & COPY THESE NOTES ON THE USE OF SETTINGS IN SHORT STORIES.

3) READING: READ CLOSELY THE SHORT STORY "THE STREET THE GOT MISLAID."

AS YOU READ, HIGHLIGHT OR UNDERLINE AT LEAST TEN SMALL DETAILS regarding the two contrasting settings: Montreal vs. Green Bottle Street. Each setting is associated with a specific ideology, lifestyle or value system. Which one?

More specifically, focus on physical details regarding the city of Montreal and the Green Bottle Street (the streets, their shapes, the buildings, the environmental sound/noise, etc.) .

Setting also relates to the cultural environment where the characters live, that is, the main societal trends, language and values that influence the people who live in this community.


COMPLETE ONE ONLY OF THE TWO FOLLOWING ACTIVITIES: 4A or 4B


4A) FORUM: CONTRIBUTE TO THE MOODLE FORUM ON "THE STREET THAT GOT MISLAID."

IN AT LEAST FOUR THOUGHTFUL SENTENCES, IDENTIFY & ANALYZE ONE SPECIFIC DETAIL ABOUT ONE OF THE TWO MAIN SETTINGS (Montreal or Green Bottle Street).

More specifically, describe and fully analyze this detail.. to examine the ideology, lifestyle or value system associated with this setting.

INSERT ONE THOUGHT-PROVOKING IMAGE/DRAWING TO ILLUSTRATE YOUR ANALYSIS.

Make sure to indicate the source of your image, such as ChatGPT, Gemini, etc. 

You can insert images into a forum post by clicking on "Advanced" (in the lower-right corner of the post window) and, then, on the 'Insert image' icon to select the image file (by clicking on BROWSE REPOSITORIES).

REPLY TO AT LEAST ONE OF YOUR PEERS BY OFFERING THOUGHTFUL FEEDBACK IN AT LEAST FOUR WELL-DEVELOPED SENTENCES.

4B) WORKSHEET: DOWNLOAD, FILL UP & SUBMIT TO LEA THIS WORKSHEET ON CONTRASTING SETTINGS (.doc) IN "THE STREET THAT GOT MISLAID."

CHOOSE ONLY DETAILS THAT RELATE TO THE SETTINGS, THAT IS, WHERE THE CHARACTERS LIVE, PHYSICALLY AS WELL AS CULTURALLY.

More specifically, focus on physical details regarding the city of Montreal and the Green Bottle Street (the streets, the buildings, the environmental sound/noise, etc.) .

Setting also relates to the cultural environment where the characters live, that is, main societal trends, language and values that influence the people who live in this community.

TAKE CARE.

INTRODUCTION (example)

PART 1: Introduce the topic with a specific, thoughtful claim about reality.
In capitalist societies, children naturally inherit from their family a set of beliefs that mirror the profit-driven society at large. These capitalist beliefs, however, may come to clash with a child's personal values. When such a conflict arises between personal and family values, an important decision must be made that will define one's true identity.

PART 2: Introduce the story and author in a way that connects to PART 1
This clash between family values and personal beliefs drives Tayeb Saleh's short story "A Handful of Dates," as shown in the protagonist gradually recognizing his grandfather's capitalist mindset.

PART 3: Present the thematic message
Through the protagonist's gradual transformation, Saleh emphasizes the need for younger generations to reject the capitalist values inherited from their families.

CONCLUSION (example)

PART 1: Rephrase the main point of your essay, that is, the author's message.

In "Below the Surface," Carter advocates for embracing life's adventures rather than letting safety become an all-consuming obsession.

PART 2: Clarify which literary element(s) the author uses to convey this message.

This theme of choosing courage over safety unfolds through the protagonist's dual transformation: first, as she confronts her fear of deep water, and then as she opens her heart to new relationships despite past heartbreaks. 

PART 3: Discuss the significance of the author's message. Why is it an important message to communicate?

Carter's insight that true fulfillment lies beyond our protective walls highlights the downside of self-preservation. While self-preservation is instinctive, an excessive focus on safety can lead to a life half-lived, stripped of the very experiences that make it meaningful. By choosing security over risk, we may shield ourselves from potential harm, but we also deny ourselves opportunities for growth and self-discovery. 

CLASS #11


FINAL COPY: color each sandwich and present your detail descriptions in bold.
The topic, transitional, and concluding sentence should remain in black.

1) DRAFT: TYPE THE DRAFT OF YOUR INTRODUCTION AND WORKS CITED PAGE.

As you type, you may correct only spelling, punctuation, and verb-subject agreement errors.

You are strongly encouraged to use the Word EDITOR in Office 365.

2) CONCLUSION: WRITE YOUR CONCLUSION AT HOME ON THE BASIS OF YOUR IN-CLASS BRAINSTORM.

Draft your conclusion yourself (no AI assistance); any conclusions identified as AI-generated will receive a grade of zero on the final submission.

Follow closely the structure of this example of a conclusion.

3) FINAL EDITING STAGE: BY YOURSELF OR WITH AI (USING ONLY THE PROMPTS AVAILABLE ON MOODLE), PERFORM THE FINAL EDITS.

Students who prefer not to use AI can edit their essay by following the same rules.

Every single modification, at this stage, must be identified by inserting a comment into the word document. In each comment, clarify the modification that was made and, if you used AI, identify the permitted prompt that was used.

No need to insert a comment when correcting punctuation (a comma, period, or semicolon), when correcting the spelling of a word, when correcting verb-subject agreement errors ("he says") or verb tenses, when correcting or adding determiners ("the," "a," "an," "this," "that,"  "these," or "those").

No need to insert a comment when deleting a word or phrase without replacing it.

No more than four words in a given sentence can be added or replaced.

One sentence per paragraph can be modified beyond four words, including the introduction and conclusion.

If AI suggests words that you don't know how to pronounce, cannot define without a dictionary, or wouldn't typically use, do not use them. Everything you write should sound like you. While using AI for editing suggestions is allowed in my courses, your work should never sound like it was generated by AI. The use of AI should be transparent, blending seamlessly with your voice and authentic writing style.

4) MLA FORMAT: FORMAT YOUR DOCUMENT BY FOLLOWING CLOSELY THE MLA GUIDELINES.

5) BEST PARAGRAPH: ON THE LINE IMMEDIATELY UNDER YOUR TITLE, INDICATE WHICH OF YOUR TWO PARAGRAPHS YOU CONSIDER TO BE THE BEST.

If you do not identify your favorite paragraph, I will assume that the best is your first paragraph (since you received teacher's feedback on this paragraph).

If both paragraphs are of fairly equal quality in terms of length, structure, writing, accuracy, and focus on thematic message, I will place much greater emphasis on your stronger paragraph in my evaluation.

6) SUBMISSION: FINALLY, SUBMIT YOUR FINAL COPY, INCLUDING THE WORKS CITED PAGE, TO LEA BEFORE YOUR DEADLINE. 

Again, color each sandwich and present the detail descriptions in bold.

Take care.

CLASS #10


 NEXT CLASS: DRAFTING INTRO & CONCLUSION
and WORKS CITED PAGE

1) 2nd PARAGRAPH: TYPE THE DRAFT OF YOUR 2ND PARAGRAPH EXACTLY AS IT IS, WORD FOR WORD.

AS YOU TYPE, YOU MAY CORRECT ONLY SPELLING, PUNCTUATION, AND VERB-SUBJECT AGREEMENT ERRORS.

YOU ARE STRONGLY ENCOURAGED TO TURN ON THE WORD EDITOR IN OFFICE 365 & MAKE ONLY THE MODIFICATIONS SUGGESTED BY THE EDITOR.

CHANGE THE FONT COLOR OF EACH SANDWICH USING A DISTINCT COLOR (the topic and concluding sentences, as well as the transitional sentence, remain BLACK).

PUT THE DETAIL DESCRIPTION (THE MIDDLE LAYER INCLUDING THE QUOTE) OF EACH SANDWICH IN BOLD. 

DO NOT SUBMIT YOUR SECOND PARAGRAPH. 


2
) REVISIONS BASED ON TEACHER'S SPECIFIC FEEDBACK:
AFTER RECEIVING YOUR TEACHER'S SPECIFIC FEEDBACK, YOU ARE ALLOWED TO MODIFY YOUR PARAGRAPH AT HOME. BUT:

★ ONLY MODIFICATIONS THAT AIM TO RESPOND TO A SPECIFIC COMMENT FROM YOUR TEACHER IN THEIR FEEDBACK ARE PERMITTED.

As a rule, your teacher's feedback follows this format: <TEACHER'S FEEDBACK]. The symbol "<" points to the sentence you can modify. The teacher's feedback, written in capital letters, indicates the type of modification you are permitted to make.

Other modifications can only be made in class during the handwriting sessions. 

★★ NO AI ASSISTANCE IS PERMITTED AT THIS STAGE OF THE PROCESS. The permitted AI prompts on Moodle will be discussed next class. 

 Take care.

CLASS #9 (due Thursday Sept. 24)

NEXT CLASS: DRAFTING 2ND PARAGRAPH
> no paper documents to bring <

1) 1st PARAGRAPH: TYPE THE DRAFT OF YOUR 1ST PARAGRAPH AS IT IS, WORD FOR WORD, WITHOUT ADDING NEW WORDS.

★ NO AI USE PERMITTED AT THIS POINT.  

★ AS YOU TYPE, YOU MAY CORRECT ONLY SPELLING, PUNCTUATION, AND VERB-SUBJECT AGREEMENT ERRORS.

★ TURN ON THE EDITOR IN OFFICE 365 (THE PEN ICON IN THE HOME MENU) & BRING YOUR OVERALL SCORE TO 100%.

★ CHANGE THE FONT COLOR OF EACH SANDWICH USING A DISTINCT COLOR, LIKE GREEN & RED. The topic and concluding sentences, as well as the transitional sentence, remain black.

★ PUT THE DETAIL DESCRIPTION OF EACH SANDWICH (THE MIDDLE LAYER THAT INCLUDES THE VERY SHORT QUOTE & PAGE NUMBER) IN BOLD. 

★ SUBMIT TO LEA (AS SOON AS POSSIBLE, BEFORE OUR NEXT CLASS) THIS COLORED PARAGRAPH AS A WORD (.doc) DOCUMENT (not a pdf) -- MAKING SURE TO INCLUDE YOUR THEMATIC STATEMENT AT THE TOP.

THIS IS THE LAST PROCESS TASK FOR THIS ESSAY PROJECT. 

Note: If you are dissatisfied with any specific elements of your paragraph and would like me to comment on these elements in my feedback, add a brief note at the very top of your document. We will work together to help you improve your paragraph.

Take care!


PARAGRAPH STRUCTURE

1 sentence TOPIC SENTENCE
1 INTRODUCTION TO DETAIL #1
1-2 DESCRIPTION OF DETAIL #1
3-5 ANALYSIS OF DETAIL #1
1 TRANSITIONAL SENTENCE
1 INTRODUCTION TO DETAIL #2
1-2 DESCRIPTION OF DETAIL #2
3-5 ANALYSIS OF DETAIL #2
1 CONCLUDING SENTENCE

Example of a Sandwich

ESSAY 1: ANNOTATED EXAMPLE OF A PARAGRAPH

 [ CLICK ON THE IMAGE ]

Essay 1: Tips on outline

Your first paragraph will analyze the main character's first transformation resulting in his rejection of his family heritage. In this paragraph, you need to analyze two details that allow you to examine this transformation

  • first detail: a revelation (a new piece of information) that presents a new view regarding his family heritage (Note: you mention the initial state in the introduction to this detail, in its context)
  • second detail: intermediate state (a rich detail illustrating the transformative effect of this new piece of information on the protagonist), resulting in the rejection of his Chinese cultural heritage: the protagonist's intermediate view (=fake resolution).
Your second paragraph will analyze the main character's second transformation. You need to analyze two details that allow you to examine this transformation:

  • first detail: a specific revelation (a new piece of information) in his mother's letter that presents a new perspective on his cultural heritage or his past actions
  • second detail: a rich detail illustrating the effect of this new piece of information: the protagonist's final view regarding his family heritage

    CLASS #8

    >>> NEXT THREE CLASSES <<<
    IN-CLASS DRAFTING OF YOUR ESSAY


    NEXT CLASS: 1st PARAGRAPH

    You should bring printed paper copies of your outline and the story.

    Story: with underlined passages only, no personal notes.

    You can also bring printed copies of the essay guidelines and rubric.


    1) PEER FEEDBACK: READ CLOSELY THE PEER FEEDBACK YOU MAY HAVE RECEIVED ON YOUR FIRST SANDWICH (on Moodle).

    2) SANDWICH & PARAGRAPH STRUCTURE: AS YOU PREPARE TO WRITE YOUR FIRST ESSAY, STUDY YOUR CLASS NOTES ON PARAGRAPH STRUCTURE AND EXAMINE CLOSELY:

    ★ THIS PARAGRAPH (which includes two sandwiches) 

    3) GUIDELINES: EXAMINE THE ESSAY GUIDELINES & GRADING RUBRIC CLOSELY.

    4) OUTLINE SUBMISSION: DEVELOP YOUR FINAL OUTLINE & SUBMIT IT TO LEA BEFORE THE 1ST WRITING WORKSHOP NEXT CLASS.

    IMPORTANT: An outline is a structured set of keywords or very short phrases (3-4 words) that provides a framework for your essay, like a skeleton structure. It cannot include fully developed sentences exceeding 4 words -- except your thesis, two topic sentences, and quotes from the story. In class, you will put flesh on this skeleton and turn these keywords into complete sentences. 

    VERY IMPORTANT: Outlines that include analytical points written in complete sentences (of more than 4 words) will NOT be permitted in class.

    5) PRINT: PRINT, AND BRING TO CLASS, THE STORY (pdf file) AND YOUR OUTLINE.

    IMPORTANT: You can underline specific passages on the printed copy of the story (i.e., the four details you will analyze) but you may not add comments or notes. Your analytical points should all be integrated into your outline as points (3-4 words each).

     

    Take care.